Genocide Monitor
Monitoring mass atrocities and genocidal acts worldwide
"These are not just numbers. They are people—people who had faces, names, dreams, families, and friends."
Ongoing Genocides / Mass Atrocities
These are widely recognized by NGOs, UN, or scholars as genocidal acts or active mass atrocities
Palestine / Gaza
Location:
Gaza Strip, Palestine
Timeframe:
2023–present
Targeted Group(s):
Palestinian civilians
Perpetrators:
Israeli military forces
Casualties / Victims:
45,000+ deaths (civilian majority)
Current Status:
Ongoing / Under Dispute
Documentation:
Accusations by multiple international bodies of genocidal acts, including indiscriminate targeting of civilians, though politically contested.
Sources: ICJ, UN, Amnesty International, Human Rights WatchMyanmar (Rohingya)
Location:
Rakhine State, Myanmar
Timeframe:
2017–present
Targeted Group(s):
Rohingya Muslims
Perpetrators:
Myanmar military (Tatmadaw), Buddhist extremists
Casualties / Victims:
25,000+ killed, 700,000+ displaced
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Ongoing persecution and displacement of Rohingya Muslims since 2017.
Sources: UN Fact-Finding Mission, ICJ case, Amnesty InternationalChina (Uyghur)
Location:
Xinjiang region, China
Timeframe:
2014–present
Targeted Group(s):
Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities
Perpetrators:
Chinese government, security forces
Casualties / Victims:
1+ million detained in camps
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Systematic internment, forced sterilizations, cultural erasure, and repression of Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities.
Sources: UN OHCHR, US State Dept, Human Rights Watch, leaked documentsSudan (Darfur)
Location:
West Darfur, Sudan
Timeframe:
2023–present (resurgence)
Targeted Group(s):
Masalit and other non-Arab groups
Perpetrators:
Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Arab militias
Casualties / Victims:
15,000+ killed, 10+ million displaced
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Ethnic-based killings and displacement, continuation of earlier Darfur genocide patterns.
Sources: UN, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty InternationalSudan (South Kordofan)
Location:
South Kordofan & Blue Nile, Sudan
Timeframe:
2011–present
Targeted Group(s):
Nuba, Funj, and other ethnic minorities
Perpetrators:
Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)
Casualties / Victims:
Thousands killed, 1+ million displaced
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Ethnic targeting in conflict regions.
Sources: UN, Human Rights Watch, Enough ProjectEthiopia (Tigray)
Location:
Tigray region, Ethiopia
Timeframe:
2020–present
Targeted Group(s):
Tigrayan civilians
Perpetrators:
Ethiopian forces, Eritrean troops, Amhara militias
Casualties / Victims:
600,000+ deaths, widespread sexual violence
Current Status:
Ceasefire (fragile)
Documentation:
Widespread massacres, sexual violence, famine used as a weapon of war, ethnic cleansing reports.
Sources: UN, Amnesty International, Human Rights WatchDR Congo (Eastern)
Location:
Eastern Congo (Kivu, Ituri)
Timeframe:
1996–present
Targeted Group(s):
Multiple ethnic groups (Hema, Lendu, Tutsi, Hutu)
Perpetrators:
M23, CODECO, ADF, various armed groups
Casualties / Victims:
6+ million deaths, ongoing killings
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Ethnic massacres, targeted killings by armed groups (M23, CODECO, ADF).
Sources: UN MONUSCO, Human Rights Watch, Congo Research GroupNigeria (Middle Belt)
Location:
Middle Belt states, Nigeria
Timeframe:
2001–present
Targeted Group(s):
Christian farming communities
Perpetrators:
Fulani herder militias, Boko Haram
Casualties / Victims:
60,000+ killed since 2001
Current Status:
Ongoing
Documentation:
Ongoing ethnic and religiously targeted killings, forced displacement.
Sources: International Crisis Group, Amnesty International, local NGOsPast Genocides
Widely recognized and historically documented genocides
20th Century Genocides
Historical documentation and analysis
Holocaust (1941-1945)
Systematic persecution and murder of European Jews
Armenian Genocide (1915-1923)
Mass killing of Armenians by Ottoman Empire
Rwandan Genocide (1994)
Mass slaughter of Tutsi and moderate Hutu populations
Legal Recognition
International court decisions and UN recognition
Genocide Convention (1948)
UN Convention on Prevention and Punishment
International Criminal Court
Prosecutions and legal precedents
Truth and Reconciliation
Post-conflict justice mechanisms
Past Genocides
Historical genocides recognized by international law and scholarship
Holocaust
Location:
Nazi Germany and occupied territories
Timeframe:
1941–1945
Targeted Group(s):
Jews, Roma, disabled persons, political prisoners, Slavs
Perpetrators:
Nazi Germany (Third Reich)
Casualties / Victims:
6 million Jews, 5+ million others
Current Status:
Resolved - Historical
Documentation:
- • United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
- • Yad Vashem Archives
- • Nuremberg Trials Documentation
- • UN Convention on Genocide (1948)
Armenian Genocide
Location:
Ottoman Empire (present-day Turkey)
Timeframe:
1915–1917
Targeted Group(s):
Armenian Christians
Perpetrators:
Ottoman Empire / Young Turks government
Casualties / Victims:
~1.5 million Armenians
Current Status:
Under Dispute (Turkey denies)
Documentation:
- • Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute
- • International Association of Genocide Scholars
- • US Congressional Recognition (2019)
- • European Parliament Resolution
Rwandan Genocide
Location:
Rwanda
Timeframe:
1994 (100 days)
Targeted Group(s):
Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Perpetrators:
Hutu extremists, Interahamwe militia
Casualties / Victims:
~800,000 killed in 100 days
Current Status:
Resolved - Trials Ongoing
Documentation:
- • International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
- • UN Security Council Reports
- • Human Rights Watch Documentation
- • Kigali Genocide Memorial
Bosnian Genocide (Srebrenica)
Location:
Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Timeframe:
July 1995
Targeted Group(s):
Bosniak Muslim men and boys
Perpetrators:
Bosnian Serb Army (VRS), Ratko Mladić
Casualties / Victims:
~8,000 men and boys massacred
Current Status:
Resolved - Convictions Secured
Documentation:
- • ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal)
- • ICJ Ruling (2007)
- • Srebrenica Memorial Center
- • Dutch Institute for War Documentation
Cambodian Genocide
Location:
Cambodia
Timeframe:
1975–1979
Targeted Group(s):
Intellectuals, ethnic Vietnamese, Cham Muslims, Buddhists
Perpetrators:
Khmer Rouge (Pol Pot regime)
Casualties / Victims:
~1.7 million killed
Current Status:
Resolved - Trials Concluded
Documentation:
- • Extraordinary Chambers in Courts of Cambodia
- • Documentation Center of Cambodia
- • Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum
- • Yale Cambodian Genocide Program
Darfur Genocide
Location:
Darfur, Sudan
Timeframe:
2003–ongoing
Targeted Group(s):
Non-Arab ethnic groups (Fur, Masalit, Zaghawa)
Perpetrators:
Sudanese government, Janjaweed militia
Casualties / Victims:
~300,000 killed, 2.7 million displaced
Current Status:
Ongoing (reduced intensity)
Documentation:
- • ICC Warrant for Omar al-Bashir
- • US State Department (genocide determination 2004)
- • UN Commission of Inquiry Reports
- • Human Rights Watch Sudan Reports
Herero & Namaqua Genocide
Location:
German South-West Africa (Namibia)
Timeframe:
1904–1908
Targeted Group(s):
Herero and Nama peoples
Perpetrators:
German Empire (General Lothar von Trotha)
Casualties / Victims:
~65,000 Herero, ~10,000 Namaqua
Current Status:
Resolved - Germany Recognized (2021)
Documentation:
- • German Federal Archives
- • UN Whitaker Report (1985)
- • Germany's 2021 Official Recognition
- • Namibian Historical Records
Guatemalan Genocide (Maya)
Location:
Guatemala (highland regions)
Timeframe:
1981–1983
Targeted Group(s):
Indigenous Maya peoples (Ixil, K'iche', others)
Perpetrators:
Guatemalan military (General Ríos Montt)
Casualties / Victims:
~200,000 Maya and others killed
Current Status:
Resolved - Convictions Secured
Documentation:
- • UN Truth Commission Report (1999)
- • Guatemalan National Courts (2013 conviction)
- • Inter-American Court of Human Rights
- • Forensic Anthropology Foundation
Iraqi Kurd Genocide (Anfal)
Location:
Iraqi Kurdistan
Timeframe:
1986–1989
Targeted Group(s):
Kurdish population
Perpetrators:
Iraqi government (Saddam Hussein regime)
Casualties / Victims:
~100,000–180,000 killed, chemical attacks
Current Status:
Resolved - Hussein Executed (2006)
Documentation:
- • Iraqi High Tribunal (2006-2007)
- • Human Rights Watch "Genocide in Iraq"
- • Halabja Chemical Attack Records
- • Kurdish Regional Government Archives
Indonesian Mass Killings
Location:
Indonesia
Timeframe:
1965–1966
Targeted Group(s):
Suspected communists, ethnic Chinese, leftist activists
Perpetrators:
Indonesian military, paramilitary groups
Casualties / Victims:
500,000–1 million killed
Current Status:
Under Dispute (genocide classification)
Documentation:
- • International People's Tribunal 1965 (2015)
- • CIA Declassified Documents
- • National Commission on Human Rights
- • Academic Research (Geoffrey Robinson)
Monitoring Framework
Early Warning Indicators
- • Ethnic/religious tensions
- • Systematic discrimination
- • Hate speech proliferation
- • Forced displacement patterns
Data Sources
- • UN Human Rights reports
- • NGO documentation
- • Academic research
- • News media analysis
Response Mechanisms
- • Alert notifications
- • Policy recommendations
- • International coordination
- • Prevention strategies